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Library's collection Library's IT development CancelThis research aims to examine the association between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CEO Turnover, and Firm Performance (FP) within Indonesian natural resources industry. Also, in this paper utilized firm performance as a mediating variable in the indirect effect of CSR to FP. Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini’s (KLD) measurement approach is used as a basis to assess social responsibility activities as it gives more social rating transparency. Moreover, firm performance using both accounting (return on assets) and market (Tobin’s Q) based measurement. A dummy variable is utilized to measure CEO turnover concerning the current and previous year. Also, 40 Indonesian listed firms which natural resources industry are employed as the sample from the year 2008 until 2017. The research model is processed by conducting a Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis, and it is found CSR positively impact FP and negatively influence CEO turnover. Moreover, before and after 2-years lagged value is used, it is revealed that the impact of FP could not be used as a tool to determine the dismissal of the CEO in the firm. The empirical result suggests that CSR could influence both FP and CEO turnover both in the short-term and long-term.